Sikhism has a long history of spiritual teachings, social reform, and unflinching courage while being one of the world’s youngest major religions. It was created during intense social and religious unrest on the Indian subcontinent, and its message is still very relevant today. Let us embark on a journey back in time to the birth of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the role played by the ten Sikh Gurus, the formation of the Khalsa, and the everlasting legacy of the Guru Granth Sahib.

The Social Landscape of 15th-Century India

In the 15th century, life in India was challenging. The caste system firmly divided society, with a person’s birth dictating their fate for the rest of their life. The rights of women were restricted by customs like widow burning and purdah (veiling), and the lowest castes were commonly regarded as untouchables. Religious divides between Hindus and Muslims were intense, often sparking hostilities. Religious rituals have evolved to focus more on ceremonies than on spirituality in many aspects.

Amid this, a voice of reason and compassion emerged – Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism. His teachings would bring a revolutionary shift in religious and social thought, advocating for a society built on equality, justice, and recognizing one God.

The Birth of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and the Start of Sikhism

Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in 1469 in the small village of Talwandi (now known as Nankana Sahib in Pakistan). From an early age, he was perceptive about the world around him and often challenged the dogmatic religious rites and strict social conventions that ruled the day. “There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim, there is only one God,” was his straightforward yet profound message.

Guru Nanak’s teachings were grounded in three core principles – Naam Japo (Meditate and remember God), Kirat Karo (Earn an honest living), and Vand Chako (Share what you have with those in need). He travelled far and wide – across India, the Middle East, and beyond to spread his message of unity, love, and devotion to one God. He called for people to rise above caste, religion, and gender divisions, emphasizing the importance of living an honest life and helping others.

The Ten Gurus: Building a Path of Equality and Strength

After Guru Nanak Dev Ji, nine more Gurus continued to guide the Sikh community, each contributing uniquely to its growth:

Guru Angad Dev Ji (1539-1552) gave the Sikhs their Gurmukhi script, making religious teachings accessible to all and helping firm up their identity.

Guru Amar Das Ji (1552-1574) institutionalized Langar, the community kitchen where everyone, regardless of background, sits together as equals to share a meal. He also played a huge role in elevating the status of women, strongly opposing practices like Sati and purdah.

Guru Ram Das Ji (1574-1581) founded the city of Amritsar, which later became the spiritual hub for Sikhs.

Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1581-1606) compiled the Adi Granth, a collection of hymns that would eventually become the Guru Granth Sahib. He also laid the foundation of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, a symbol of the Sikh faith. His martyrdom at the hands of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir marked a pivotal moment of sacrifice in Sikh history.

Guru Hargobind Ji (1606-1644) introduced the concept of Miri and Piri, combining spiritual leadership with the duty to protect and defend. He wore two swords, symbolizing the spiritual and worldly responsibilities of Sikhs.

Guru Har Rai Ji (1644-1661) focused on compassion and healing, continuing to defend the Sikh community while spreading the message of peace.

Guru Har Krishan Ji (1661-1664), the youngest Guru, gave his life serving the people of Delhi during a smallpox epidemic. Despite his short life, his acts of selflessness left a lasting legacy.

Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (1664-1675) stood up for religious freedom, ultimately sacrificing his life to protect the rights of Hindus to practice their faith under Mughal persecution.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1675-1708) transformed the Sikh community into the Khalsa, a collective of warrior-saints devoted to justice and protection of the oppressed. He declared that after his time, the Guru Granth Sahib would serve as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.

The Birth of the Khalsa: A Brotherhood of Warriors and Saints

In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh Ji took a bold step that would forever change the Sikh identity. On Baisakhi Day, he called for five volunteers willing to sacrifice everything for their faith. These five men christened as the Panj Pyare (the Five Beloved Ones), became the first members of the Khalsa, a spiritual and martial order of Sikhs who would commit to living a life of courage, honesty, and purity.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji baptized the Panj Pyare and asked all Sikhs to adopt the Five Ks as symbols of their faith: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (wooden comb), Kara (steel bracelet), Kachera (cotton undergarment), and Kirpan (small sword). The Khalsa were tasked with standing up for the oppressed and defending justice, regardless of religion or background.

The Legacy of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji

Before his death, Guru Gobind Singh Ji made a profound decision. He declared that after him, there would be no more human Gurus. Instead, Sikhs would follow the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture, as their eternal Guru. The Guru Granth Sahib is a collection of hymns and teachings not only from the Sikh Gurus but also from saints of different religions and backgrounds, emphasizing the inclusive and universal nature of Sikhism.

To this day, the Guru Granth Sahib continues to guide Sikhs worldwide. Its message of equality, devotion, and service to humanity is as relevant today as it was centuries ago.

Conclusion

The story of Sikhism is one of spiritual awakening, social reform, and unshakable bravery. From Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s vision of equality to the creation of the Khalsa and the eternal guidance of the Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism has left a lasting mark on the world. Its teachings remind us that regardless of who we are or where we come from, we are all equal, and our purpose is to live a life of truth, service, and compassion.